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Looks at the evidence from the Food Standards Agency (FSA) in the UK that marketing of junk foods is responsible for child obesity, and surveys the FSA website. Queries the soundness of the FSA’s claims to be authoritative in matters of food and healthy diet, focusing on the “comprehensive review of research“ which the FSA commissioned from the Centre for Social Marketing (CSM). Criticises the approach and methodology of the CSM report as being biased against advertising: for example, it ignores research which shows that advertising of alcohol has negligible effect on overall alcohol consumption, it uses loaded language, circularity of argument, unclear criteria for assessing the “relevance“ of the literature selected, and fails to explain why obesity is increasing when advertising on food brands is falling. Concludes that the taxpayer’s money is being wasted on such uninformative research.

Connected learning is a framework of learning principles that centers on fostering educational equity through leveraging social technologies and networking practices to connect students with opportunities, people and resources in communities within and beyond their classroom walls (Ito et al., 2013). The framework has been adopted and developed in K-12 education by teachers in professional development networks and introduced to some teacher education programs through these networks. Practitioners of connected learning frequently refer to the need for “courage” to develop and introduce connected learning-based practices in their classrooms. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

In this study, the authors investigate “courage” through a sociocultural lens in the case studies of six educators in a teacher education course on connected learning. The study examines the social contexts and activities that fostered acts of courage during their 14-week course.

The authors found that personal reflection on freedom and equity, two ethical concepts raised by the connected learning framework, seeded acts of courage. The acts of courage appeared as small acts that built upon themselves toward a larger goal that related to the participants’ ethical ideals. Three types of social activity contexts helped to nurture these acts: seeking models of possibility, mediated reinvention and “wobbling.”

This study helps to uncover some of the questions that connected learning scholars and practitioners have about why courage is so central, and how to cultivate courageous acts of pedagogical change.

The theoretical framework used in this study, courage from a sociocultural perspective, may serve to help scholars and teacher educators to shape their research and program designs.

This study offers insights into patterns of networked teacher-led educational change and the social contexts that support school-level impacts of out-of-school professional networking.

Using a sociocultural conception of courage to investigate connected learning in teacher education, this study demonstrates how equity and freedom, central values in the connected learning framework, serve as key concepts driving teachers’ risk-taking, innovation and change.

Compares and contrasts the effects of the resale price maintenance abolition of 1964 emerging in different products and markets, with particular emphasis on the furniture and footwear trades. Finds that the furniture trade has been more significantly affected, with a higher consciousness of consumer needs among its retailers.

THE paper entitled Memomotion (page 32), delivered by Professor Mundel to a recent meeting organised by the Institute of Industrial Technicians, highlights the scope for this form of photography in work study applications.

As was predicted, the Patent Office White Paper Intellectual property and innovation (Cmnd 9712, HMSO, £6.70) was published in April. Bold type is used in the White Paper to highlight firm government proposals and I believe these make two very serious threats to the interests of industrialists and the general community, and will make problems for librarians and information officers. In each case the effect of the government's proposals will be to raise costs and create barriers to the flow of much needed information: (1) The fair dealing sections 6 and 7 of the Copyright Act 1956, which has enabled information to be photocopied for ‘research and private study’ will be amended, if the government embody their proposal in legislation ‘to exclude copying for commercial purposes’. Who will decide where the border between commercial and non‐commercial falls? Will the librarian or information officer be expected to give summary judgments all day long on differential charges? And why should commercial enterprises be expected to pay a higher price which will simply be passed on to the public? Will permission have to be sought from the copyright owner? Will separate accounting be required? (2) Earlier in the report when concluding the section commending increased use of computers and online searching, the recommendation includes these words ‘… the government recognises that the charges made for these services will have to be set at a level which does not give rise to unfair competition with the private sector’. Why should the small and medium size businesses (much mentioned as ‘SME's’ in the report) have to pay inflated prices for information the government believes they should be using? The much talked about ‘efficiency’ which means not using two people where one will suffice and thus reducing costs, is deliberately rejected by the government who are in effect saying, ‘if you have access to our data bases you must pay the equivalent of a hefty profit to an unnecessary middle man, as well as the basic costs of our service’.

Purpose: The study makes use of situational crime prevention framework for analyzing online community reactions to the banning of deepfake pornographic content from Reddit.

Methodology/approach: Qualitative text analysis of user comments posted to Reddit’s rule-change announcement (N = 582) was carried out. Analysis relied on the original 25 techniques of situational crime prevention that were adapted into a table of activities and mechanisms meant specifically for use with online platforms.

Findings: Analysis indicates that Reddit users voiced several shortcomings that are currently present in Reddit’s platform management approach. In particular, users emphasized issues related to the lack of a consistent and transparent approach to community rule enforcement, as users believed the rule changes to be sudden and poorly reasoned. The general reactionary nature of Reddit’s approach to moderating community-harming actions also was a point of emphasis, alongside the platform’s continued rigid stance on freedom of expression, even with regard to illegal and demeaning content. Regarding Reddit and the new rules on involuntary pornography and the sexualization of minors, enforcement of sitewide policy appears contingent on external influences, such as attention from mainstream media or financial matters, rather than stemming from an inherent stance on decreasing community-harming activities.

Research limitations: The study only pertains to a specific rule change by Reddit and subsequent reactions from the platform’s community. Future research is needed to test the applicability of the adapted table of 25 techniques of situational crime prevention in the context of other online platforms.

Originality/value: First, the study applies the situational crime prevention approach in the context of moderating online platforms. Second, results from the study shed light on current practices in online content moderation from the perspective of criminological theory, as well as inform specific actions that can be taken to decrease the presence of community-harming phenomena and improve the enforcement of sitewide policy rules in general. Finally, by adapting the original 25 techniques of situational crime prevention to online content moderation, the study suggests a tentative roadmap for similar research in the future.